デンマーク、短中期エネルギー政策、エネルギー戦略2050 Energy Strategy 2050 を発表。2050年までに脱化石燃料、再生可能エネルギーへ: ソフトエネルギー

デンマーク、短中期エネルギー政策、エネルギー戦略2050 Energy Strategy 2050 を発表。2050年までに脱化石燃料、再生可能エネルギーへ

　デンマーク政府は、2020年までにエネルギー産業の化石燃料利用を2009年比で33%削減し、2050年までに化石燃料から再生可能エネルギーへ転換し、世界初のカーボンフリーな国になることを宣言。そのシナリオ、エネルギー戦略2050 Energy Strategy 2050 を発表しました。

　デンマークは、エネルギー総消費量に占める再生可能エネルギーのシェアは1980年にはわずか3%であったものを、2004年にはなんと、14%にまで伸ばすことに成功し、その後のエネルギー政策を世界に冠たる再生可能エネルギー大国へと導いてきた歴史があります。今回は、エネルギー効率の改善とバイオマスエネルギーや風力発電を中心に、太陽光発電や波力などの海洋エネルギー開発、地熱発電にも取り組む具体的な施策を取り決め発表しました。EUの目標である、2020年までに20%削減よりも高い目標を掲げることで、この分野における産業のリーダーとしての地位をもゆるぎないものとしようとしています。

プレスリリース / Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy,24-02-2011
・From coal, oil and gas to green energy

" The Danish Government today unveiled its “Energy Strategy 2050”, which describes how the country can achieve its independence from coal, oil and gas by 2050 and significantly reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.

The energy strategy contains a raft of initiatives that will reduce the energy industry’s use of fossil fuels by 33 percent in 2020, compared with 2009. The reduction will put Denmark well on its way to complete independence of fossil fuels by 2050.

“Denmark is the first country to present such a specific and ambitious strategy for achieving independence from fossil fuels,” says Minister for Climate and Energy Lykke Friis.

The strategy calls for a significant increase in renewable energy obtained from wind, biomass and biogas which over the next decade will increase the share of renewables to 33 percent of energy consumption, if the initiatives in the strategy are implemented. Doing so would place Denmark among the top three countries in the world in terms of overall increase in renewable energy as a share of total energy consumption. Part of the increase would also rely on increasing use of biogas for heat, and a number of new initiatives will be put forth in order to promote the production of biogas.

By 2020, construction of new offshore wind turbines at the Kriegers Flak wind farm, coastal wind turbines and land-based turbines will more than double wind power capacity in Denmark, to a total of 42 percent of overall energy production capacity, compared with about 20 percent today. Fully 62 percent of electricity generation will come from renewable sources. Meanwhile, strengthened energy efficiency efforts will reduce gross energy use by 6 percent in 2020, compared with 2006 levels. In reaching the goal, Denmark will meet the energy efficiency goals set out in the 2008 energy agreement, and the country will retain its position as a world leader in the area.

The strategy offers an economically responsible path to the conversion of the Danish energy supply, and includes specific initiatives, that are all fully financed and which will not damage the nation’s competitiveness. Homeowners will experience moderate increases in the costs of heat and electricity, but will also be given opportunities to lower their energy expenses through greater efficiency. Companies can expect added expenses amounting to 0.1 percent of the rise in their gross revenue growth by 2020.
..........
33 pct. fall in consumption of fossil fuels with "Energy Strategy 2050"

-----image : 同リリースより

Tomorrow’s energy supply will to a much larger extent be made up of electricity produced from renewable sources. In order to stimulate the pace of this shift, the Government is proposing a broad range of initiatives that will encourage a shift to biomass in the power plants of the major cities, increase consumption of renewable energy and promote more efficient energy use. The initiatives include:

Biomass and biogas
・Make it more financially attractive to establish biogas plants by granting biogas production subsidies, subsidies for biogas infrastructure, subsidies the use biogas in industrial processes, etc.

・Replace coal with biomass by allowing producers and consumers of district heat freedom of contract, this will make it more advantageous for both sides to convert to biomass.

・Make it possible for small power plants to convert from natural gas to biomass by allowing plants up to a capacity of 20 MW to freely choose their fuel source.

・Mandate a 10 percent biofuel additive by 2020.

Wind power
・Tender of a 600 MW offshore wind farm at Kriegers Flak. Online by 2018-2020.

・Carry out study of coastal areas that would identify locations suitable for a further 400 MW of small offshore wind turbines for use in development and demonstration of new wind turbines,

・Promote placement of new wind turbines on land.
Intelligent energy network

・Establish new international electricity sharing capacity in connection with Kriegers Flak offshore wind farm.

・Require that all electric metres installed after 2015 be intelligent electric metres. Reduce from 2013 the limit for installing intelligent metres from 100,000 kWh annually to 50,000 kWh annually.

Energy efficiency
・Raise the energy savings target, that energy companies have to implement amongst their consumers by 50 percent starting in 2013 and by 75 percent in the period 2017-2020. Tighten building code requirements

・Gradually phase out oil and gas furnaces. Starting in 2012, new buildings may not be built with oil or gas furnaces. Starting in 2017, oil furnaces may not be installed in existing buildings.
.......... "

関連
・Energy Strategy 2050[24-02-2011]

-----image : Energy Strategy 2050 - Summary P.5より

Danish Energy Agency

・EnergyMap.dk - Your webguide to climate solutions / Release of Danish Energy Strategy 2050

参考
・持続可能なエネルギーへの転換により、2050年までに化石燃料からの脱却を実現する-----エクール、2010年10月7日

・デンマークの自然エネルギー-----ソフトエネルギー、2010/06/24

・Wikipedia : デンマーク

コメント続き

　デンマークの面積は、Wikipediaによると、43,094km2で、日本の1割強。人口は、5,511,451人で、こちらは4%強です。現在のエネルギーの構成は、40%近くを石油に、残りの40%を天然ガスと石炭。そして、残りを風力をメインにバイオマス関連などの再生可能エネルギーで賄うという、ある意味現実的な構成です。環境先進国とデンマークといえども、2020年に石油依存を18%減らし、大幅に再生可能エネルギーを増やし、結果2020年までにエネルギー産業の化石燃料利用を2009年比で33%削減するという目標は、大きなチャレンジです。それでも、デンマークがこのチャレンジに挑むのは、世界全体が現実に直面する限界とそして貴重な可能性を具体化することに国の命運をかけているからだと思います。日本は、全体で考えればこの目標を設定することは、今の政治情勢を考えなくても困難だったかもしれません。デンマークは、原子力発電を選択しなかったことも大きな違いです。
　しかし、日本の風土に目を向ければ、デンマークが見出そうとしている可能性と同じような可能性を開拓できる、県や市や町、そして村といった地域に富んでいます。今の日本のおかれた困難な状況の中で、積み上げる成功例が未来を救います。大きな決断を続けるデンマークから多くを学ぶことができそうです。(t_t)

-----image : Energy Strategy 2050 - Summary P.10より