米国立再生可能エネルギー研究所 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)、電力網は従来の研究よりも不安定化の恐れなく大量の再生可能エネルギーを受け入れることができるという研究成果を発表しました。
系統(電力網)に多くの太陽光発電や風力発電などの天候や昼夜によって発電量が変動する自然エネルギーによる発電源を接続すると、電気の安定供給や電気の質までも変質、場合によっては不安定化や悪化の原因になると言われています。その対策としては、蓄電や冷蔵などの固定負荷での調整、さらにフライホィールや電力料金などによる消費側の操作や調整が必要であるとされてきました。
このほど、米国立再生可能エネルギー研究所 National Renewable Energy Laboratoryは、2017までに若干の調整を行うことで、太陽エネルギーと風力により電力の35%までは、若干の工夫をすることで蓄電などのバックアップへの追加投資を行わないでも、系統連系が可能であるとの、従来の研究よりも大幅に、再生可能エネルギーへの依存を可能にする研究結果を発表しました。
今回の研究は、具体的にはWestConnectとよばれる南西諸州地域の具体的なデーターによる研究によるもので、30%の風力と、5%の太陽光および集熱型も含む太陽エネルギーの組み合わせが適当と結論づけました。これらの具体的な数字の割合については、地域における具体的な気候やシステム、既存電力網での需給関係の分析により、他地域においても、適切な割合を導きだすことが可能になるとみられ、今後の商用電源網(グリッド)に接続できる再生可能エネルギーの量についての研究について大きな進展が見られる可能性があります。
翻って国内では、アメリカのように風力や大規模太陽エネルギー利用施設が普及していない現状においても、過剰に蓄電などの追加設備の必要性が強調されています。日本でも、おそらく考えられている以上に大きな再生可能エネルギーの発電源を系統に接続しても問題がないという指摘もあります。今後の研究に参考にしていただきたい、また技術交流を実施していただきたい分野だと思います。
プレスリリース / National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),May 20, 2010
・NREL Study Shows Power Grid can Accommodate Large Increase in Wind and Solar Generation
" Increased Coordination Over Wider Areas and More Frequent Scheduling Needed; Wind and Solar Significantly Reduce Carbon and Fuel Costs
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) today released an initial study assessing the operational impacts and economics of increased contributions from wind and solar energy producers on the power grid. The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study examines the benefits and challenges of integrating enough wind and solar energy capacity into the grid to produce 35 percent of its electricity by 2017. The study finds that this target is technically feasible and does not necessitate extensive additional infrastructure, but does require key changes to current operational practice. The results offer a first look at the issue of adding significant amount of variable renewable energy in the West and will help utilities across the region plan how to ramp up their production of renewable energy as they incorporate more wind and solar energy plants into the power grid.
“If key changes can be made to standard operating procedures, our research shows that large amounts of wind and solar can be incorporated onto the grid without a lot of backup generation,” said Dr. Debra Lew, NREL project manager for the study. “When you coordinate the operations between utilities across a large geographic area, you decrease the effect of the variability of wind and solar energy sources, mitigating the unpredictability of Mother Nature.”
The study focuses on the operational impacts of wind, photovoltaics, and concentrating solar power on the power system operated by the WestConnect group of utilities in the mountain and southwest states. WestConnect is a group of transmission providers, which includes Arizona Public Service, El Paso Electric Co., NV Energy, Public Service of New Mexico, Salt River Project, Tri-State Generation and Transmission Cooperative, Tucson Electric Power, Western Area Power Administration, and Xcel Energy. Though wind and solar output vary over time, the technical analysis performed in this study shows that it is operationally possible to accommodate 30 percent wind and 5 percent solar energy penetration. To accomplish such an increase, utilities will have to substantially increase their coordination of operations over wider geographic areas and schedule their generation deliveries, or sales, on a more frequent basis. Currently generators provide a schedule for a specific amount of power they will provide in the next hour. More frequent scheduling would allow generators to adjust that amount of power based on changes in system conditions such as increases or decreases in wind or solar generation.
The study also finds that if utilities generate 27 percent of their electricity from wind and solar energy across the Western Interconnection grid, it would lower carbon emissions by 25 to 45 percent, depending on the future price of natural gas. It would also decrease fuel and emissions costs by 40 percent.
Other key findings from the study include:
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関連
・Western Wind and Solar Integration Study
-----image(”This partial map of the western United States shows the WestConnect group of utilities.”) : 上記サイトより
" The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) is one of the largest regional wind and solar integration studies to date. It was initiated in 2007 to examine the operational impact of up to 35% energy penetration of wind, photovoltaics (PV), and concentrating solar power (CSP) on the power system operated by the WestConnect group of utilities in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Wyoming (see study area map).
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Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (PDF 20.6 MB). (May 2010).
-----image:「同資料」カバー
Western Wind and Solar Integration Study: Executive Summary (PDF 2.0 MB). (May 2010). "
・NREL Says Power Grid Can Handle Large Increase in Renewable Energy-----ecogeek.org,11/06/10
・National Renewable Energy Laboratory内検索結果 : NREL : Power Grid
追加情報
・NREL : Western Wind and Solar Integration Study-----NRELサイト内検索「Western Wind and Solar Integration Study」
"Released September 2013—Phase 2 Research
...........
Phase 1 Publications"
・アメリカエネルギー省とNRELは、再エネと送電網の統合をめざし、新たな研究センター ESIF を開設----ソフトエネルギー、2013/07/03
・Western Wind and Solar Integration Study(Content Last Updated: March 07, 2013)
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