スイスは、稼動中の5つの原子力発電所の寿命を延ばすことなく、段階的に廃炉にし、2034年までにすべてを停止させる脱原発の方針を決めました。
・スイス、2034年までに「脱原発」を閣議決定-----AFP BB News,2011年05月26日
" スイス政府は25日、国内で稼働中の5つの原子力発電所について更新を行わず、2034年までに全廃する方針を閣議決定した。6月に議会で法案化に向けた審議を行う。 "
また、同時に公開された、Energy Strategy 2050においては、省エネ、さらに水力発電と新たな再生可能エネルギーの開発、そして、コージェネレーション設備や、ガス複合火力発電所などの効率的な運用により、脱原子力発電を実現するとしています。現状の電力は、水力が約56％、原子力が39%、そして残りが火力などで5％。したがって、脱原子力への道は、スイスとて楽なものではありません。再生可能エネルギーについては、風力や太陽エネルギー、バイオマスなどが有望だとしています。
今回の決定には、ドイツ同様、Fukushimaが大きな影響を与えました。大地震と福島原子力発電所の過酷な事故を受けて、スイス政府の対応は非常に迅速なものでした、3月23日には関係機関に対して、5月末までにはそのエネルギー展望を修正するように依頼したということです。
プレスリリース / Swiss Federal Office of Energy(SFOE),25.05.2011
・Federal Council decides to gradually phase out nuclear energy as part of its new energy strategy
" The Federal Council intends to continue to safeguard Switzerland's high level of energy security although without nuclear energy in the medium term. That was the decision taken at its special meeting today. Existing nuclear power plants should be decommissioned at the end of their operational lifespan and not be replaced by new nuclear power plants. In order to ensure the security of supply, the Federal Council, as part of its new Energy Strategy 2050, is placing emphasis on increased energy savings (energy efficiency), the expansion of hydropower and new renewable energies, and, if necessary, on fossil fuel-based electricity production (cogeneration facilities, gas-fired combined-cycle power plants) and imports. Furthermore, Switzerland's power grid should be expanded without delay and energy research strengthened.
As a result of the devastating earthquake in Japan and the disaster at Fukushima, the Federal Council on 23 March 2011 commissioned DETEC to revise its energy outlook by the end of May on the basis of the following three electricity supply options:
Electricity supply option 1: Continuation of current mix of electricity production with possible early replacement of the three oldest nuclear power plants with a view to ensuring the highest possible level of safety.
Electricity supply option 2: No replacement of existing nuclear power plants at the end of their safe operational lifespan.
Electricity supply option 3: Early withdrawal from nuclear energy programme, existing nuclear power plants are decommissioned before the end of their safe operational lifespan.
At its special meeting today, the Federal Council discussed the results of the analyses and took a decision of principle.
Gradual phase out of nuclear energy
The Federal Council wishes to guarantee the secure supply of electricity that Switzerland has enjoyed to date, characterised by high quality, reliability, largely CO2-free production and competitive prices. In view of the earthquake and the tsunami that devastated Fukushima, it feels that the people of Switzerland would like to see a reduction in the residual risk associated with the use of nuclear energy. In addition, due to the expected increasing costs of generating nuclear energy (new safety standards, upgrades, revised liability risks, greater financing difficulties due to higher risk premiums for investors), its competitive advantage with respect to renewable sources of energy is likely to diminish in the longer term.
The Federal Council is therefore of the opinion that the existing nuclear power plants should be decommissioned at the end of their safe operational lifespan and not be replaced by new nuclear power plants. In future, the supply of electricity should therefore follow electricity supply option 2. The Federal Council expects the safe operational lifespan of the existing nuclear power plants to be about 50 years. On that basis Beznau I should be taken offline in 2019, Beznau II and Muhleberg in 2022, Gosgen in 2029 and Leibstadt in Jahr 2034.
The Federal Council sees no reason to seek early decommissioning. Tests conducted by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI) have shown that the safe operation of Switzerland's nuclear power plants is currently assured. ENSI would take the necessary measures were anything to change. Safety is the overriding priority at all times.
Need to reshape the energy system
The gradual phasing out of nuclear energy affords Switzerland the necessary time to implement the new energy policy and reshape the energy system. At present, hydropower accounts for around 56% of Switzerland's electricity production, nuclear power 39% and conventional thermal and other facilities around 5%. The current energy outlook shows that the gradual phasing out of nuclear energy is technically feasible and economically viable. Due to the growing need to replace Europe's ageing power plants, electricity prices are set to rise throughout Europe. That will cushion the impact of an orderly exit from nuclear energy on the international competitiveness of the Swiss economy. Initial estimates put the cost of restructuring our pool of power plants and the construction of new power production facilities, and for measures to reduce the demand for energy, at between 0.4 and 0.7 per cent of GDP.
The reshaping of the energy system will be supported by targeted research at the national and international level, technology transfer between universities and industry and the establishment of new, innovative businesses. At the same time, that will significantly strengthen the position of cleantech firms with the associated labour market benefits. Efficient processes, technologies and products can become major assets in the creation of added value in Switzerland. Investments in efficiency improvements and renewable energies will benefit SMEs throughout the country - particularly in peripheral regions where vast potential in wind and solar energy and biomass remains untapped.
Energy Strategy 2050
.......... "
関連
・Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) : Energy Strategy 2050
・Costs of atomic energy opt-out remain unclear-----swissinfo.ch,May 30, 2011 -----May 26, 2011 Nuclear history
" Switzerland’s first nuclear power plant Beznau 1 went into service in 1969. The new technology was praised at first, but soon opposition started to build up. In March 2011 the government announced plans to gradually replace nuclear power, which currently provides 39 per cent of Switzerland’s power production. "
・Switzerland opposes building further nuclear power plants-----AFP(Google Ness),25.05.2011
・Switzerland To Phase Out Nuclear Power-----Solar Feed,30 May 2011
追加情報
・スイス、脱原発を決定＝３４年までに４カ所全廃-----時事ドットコム、2011/09/29
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